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Avian Influenza Antibody / Avian Flu Antibody Products
Avian Influenza H5N1 Antibodies
Avian Influenza H7N7 Antibodies
| Products | Antigen Source (CLICK for detailed Info. and Price) |
Antigen Molecule |
Application | Cat No |
| MAb | Avian Influenza Antibody, Rabbit Anti H7N7 Hemagglutinin |
HA | WB, ELISA | 11082-R019 |
Avian Influenza H9N2 Hemagglutinin Antibodies
| Products | Antigen Source (CLICK for detailed Info. and Price) |
Antigen Molecule |
Application | Cat No |
| MAb | Avian Influenza Antibody, Mouse Anti H9N2 Hemagglutinin |
HA | WB | 11229-MM04 |
| MAb | Avian Influenza Antibody, Mouse Anti H9N2 Hemagglutinin |
HA | ELISA | 11229-MM09 |
| MAb | Avian Influenza Antibody, Mouse Anti H9N2 Hemagglutinin |
HA | WB, ELISA | 11229-MM15 |
| MAb | Avian Influenza Antibody, Rabbit Anti H9N2 Hemagglutinin |
HA | WB, ELISA | 11229-RP02 |
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Avian Influenza / Avian Flu Background
Avian flu, or avian influenza, and commonly bird flu, refers to influenza caused by viruses adapted to birds. All known viruses that cause influenza in birds belong to influenza A virus, and all subtypes (but not all strains of all subtypes) of influenza A virus are adapted to birds. Of the many subtypes of avian influenza viruses, only some strains of four subtypes have been highly pathogenic in humans. These are types H5N1, H7N3, H7N7 and H9N2.
The highly pathogenic influenza A H5N1 virus has been causing global concern as a potential pandemic threat to human health. It is often referred to simply as "bird flu" or "avian influenza". The avian influenza H5N1 virus has infected and killed millions of poultry in Asia, Europe and Africa. Health experts are concerned that the co-existence of human influenza viruses and avian influenza H5N1 viruses will provide an opportunity for genetic material to be exchanged between species-specific viruses, possibly creating a new virulent influenza strain that is easily transmissible and lethal to humans.
Since the first avian flu H5N1 outbreak occurred in 1987, there has been an increasing number of H5N1 bird-to-human transmissions leading to clinically severe and fatal human infections. The infected individuals often show very severe symptoms. Survival rate is only at around 30% among those infected by the highly pathogenic influenza H5N1 avian flu virus. The avian influenza hemagglutinin (HA) protein of the H5N1 influenza virus does not bind well to the sialic acid on human epithelial cells and hence the virus does not easily transmit from human to human.
H9N2 is another subtype of avian influenza virus. In addition to H5N1, H9N2 is also considered to pose a threat to humanity. H9N2 has been isolated from duck and chicken for many years, and is found in birds, pigs and other animals in Europe and Asia. Infection in humans is rare, and appears to lead to a mild disease. Six human cases of the H9 viruses have previously been reported in Hong Kong since 1999. In 1999 and 2003, an H9N2 influenza strain caused illness in three people, aged one, four and five years old, in Hong Kong. In 2007 an H9N2 influenza strain caused illness in a 9-month old baby in Hong Kong. And the recent case of influenza A/H9N2 in a 3 year old girl was reported on December 23, 2009.
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Avian Influenza / Avian Flu Related Studies
- Yamada T, et al. (2008) Ready for avian flu? Nature. 454(7201):162.
- Leong HK, et al. (2008) Prevention and control of avian influenza in Singapore. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 37(6):504-9.
- Shabanowitz RB, et al. (2009) Avian flu pandemic - flight of the healthcare worker? HEC Forum. 21(4):365-85.
